The Pantheon is one of the most impressive of all of Rome’s ancient sights. Standing in Piazza della Rotonda, in the middle of the historic center of the city, it is one of the only ancient buildings that still takes its place as an integral part of the crowded city streets, giving you a feel for how it must have been to walk among the temples and public buildings of the ancient city.
Key Pantheon details
Address: Piazza della Rotonda
Opening hours: 8.30am – 7.30pm
Price: free
Nearest Metro: Spagna
From the beginning of July 2023 you are required to have a ticket to enter the Pantheon. This is a relatively low €5, but demand is high and the lines at the ticket office are long. We have prepared a guide on how to buy official Pantheon tickets in advance.
If you would rather not bother with this complex process, we recommend a guided tour, which will show you its hidden gems and explain its extraordinary significance: starting at €25, you can have the temple brought to life by a skilled, knowledgeable guide.
Finally, as it takes such a short time to visit, you might want to visit it with a guide as part of a larger tour of Rome’s baroque wonders.
Even if the lines are long, crowds pour in the door fairly swiftly, swirl gently around the interior space, and exit swiftly too.
Bear in mind that it is a place of worship so please treat the interior with respect – there are guards within to enforce this – and note that occasionally it may be shut for religious ceremonies.
Once inside, marvel at the vast domed roof. Gaze up to see the Oculus: the eye to heaven in the roof of the temple of all gods, gazing up to the sky from a cast concrete dome that has withstood earthquakes and storms and wars for nearly 2,000 years.
Doesn’t the Pantheon get wet when it rains?
Yes, it has a huge hole in the roof – of course it does! But the genius engineers who built that dome with its oculus in the center also built drains in the marble floor, way below the hole. It leaks by design.
This is also one of the only buildings in Rome in which the original marble interior is largely still intact, thanks to it having been in ceremonial use since the fall of Rome, and only the external marble and bronze having been raided for other purposes. The quality of the original marblework is astounding.
What’s the history of the Pantheon?
Originally a temple to “all the gods” (pan being Greek for ‘all’, and theos being Greek for ‘gods’), it was originally a wooden structure built before the birth of Christ by the consul Marcus Agrippa, but it was burned completely in the great fire of Rome. It was rebuilt by the emperor Hadrian two hundred years later in stone, brick, marble, and concrete in the exact form we admire today – but note it has Agrippa’s name still emblazoned on the front as a tribute (an early example of a corporate logo?).
The building was turned into a Christian church in the 7th century, and as a result survived many of the ‘repurposing’ of materials for other buildings (usually other churches), though the bronzework on its portico was raided to produce the uncharacteristically ugly Bernini altar that currently stands in the center of St. Peter’s Basilica.
As an important church, in the nineteenth century it also became the resting place for Italy’s short-lived royal family, and also houses the tomb of the artist Raphael.
Every year at Pentecost commandos from the Italian military crawl up the roof to drop rose petals down through the Oculus, filling the church with the fluttering of angels’ wings.
